生物药剂学建模与模拟
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缩略词表(中英文对照)

API  Active pharmaceutical ingredient  活性药物成分

A to B  Apical-to-basal  顶端侧A到基底侧B

AUC Area Under Curve  曲线下面积

BA  Bioavailability  生物利用度

BCS  Biopharmaceutical classification system  生物药剂学分类系统

B to A  Basal-to-apical  基底侧B到顶端侧A

CER  Ceramide  神经酰胺

CFD  Computational fluid dynamics  计算流体动力学

CHO  Cholesterol  胆固醇

CM  Carrier mediated  载体介导

CNT  Classical nucleation theory  经典成核理论

CSSR  Critical supersaturation ratio  临界过饱和率

DDI  Drug–drug interaction  药物相互作用

DRL  Dissolution-rate limited  溶出速率速

DSC  Differential scanning calorimeter  差示扫描量热仪

DTA  Differential thermal analysis  差热分析

FFA  Free fatty acid  游离脂肪酸

FaSSIF  Fasted stated simulated intestinal fluid  空腹状态下的人工模拟肠液

FeSSIF Fed stated simulated intestinal fluid  餐后状态下的人工模拟肠液

FIH  First in human  首次人体试验

GET  Gastric emptying time  胃排空时间

GI  Gastrointestinal  胃肠道

GUT  Gastrointestinal unified theoretical framework  胃肠道统一理论框架

HH  Henderson–Hasselbalch  Henderson–Hasselbalch方程

IVIVC  In vitro (dissolution)–in vivo correlation  体外(溶出)-体内相关性

LCT  Long-chain triglyceride  长链甘油三酯

LHS  Left-hand side  左边

MCT  Medium chain triglyceride  中链甘油三酯

MMC  Migrating motor complex  移行肌电复合波

NBE  Nernst–Brunner equation  Nernst–Brunner方程

NS  Navier–Stokes  Navier–Stokes方程

PAMPA  Parallel artificial membrane permeation assay  平行人工膜渗透试验

PC  Phosphatidylcholine  磷脂酰胆碱

PDE  Particle drifting effect  颗粒漂移效应

PE  Phosphatidylethanolamine  磷脂酰乙醇胺

PG  Phosphatidylglycerol  磷脂酰甘油

PI  Phosphatidylinositol  磷脂酰肌醇

PK  Pharmacokinetics  药代动力学

PL  Permeability limited  膜渗透性限速

PLM  Polarized light microscopy  偏光显微镜

PPS  Prediction process step  预测过程的步骤

PS  Phosphatidylserine  磷脂酰丝氨酸

PXRD  Powder X-ray diffraction  粉末X射线衍射

RHS  Right-hand side  右边

RPM  Revolution per minute  每分钟转数

SC  Stratum corneum  角质层

SEDDS  Self-emulsifying drug delivery system  自乳化给药系统

SITT  Small intestinal transit time  小肠转运时间

SL-E  Solubility–epithelial membrane permeability limited 溶解度-上皮细胞渗透性限速

SL-U  Solubility–UWL permeability limited  溶解度-非搅拌水流层渗透限速

SPIP  Single-pass intestinal perfusion  肠单向灌流

TC  Taurocholic acid  牛磺胆酸

TG  Thermal gravity  热重

USP  United State pharmacopeia  美国药典

UWL  Unstirred water layer  非搅拌水流层

AH  Hydrogen-donor strength  氢键供体强度

AUC  Area under the curve(subscript indicates administration route,etc.)  曲线下面积(下标表示给药途径等)

Ablood vessel  Surface area of the blood vessel in the villi  绒毛中血管的表面积

Acc  Accessibility to villi surface  绒毛表面的可及性

CD  Resistance coefficient  阻碍系数

CFSSR  Steady-state reduction correction factor  稳态简化校正因子

CLh  Hepatic clearance  肝清除率

CLh,int  Intrinsic hepatic clearance  肝固有清除率

CLperm  Permeation clearance  渗透清除率

CLsubepithelial  Permeation clearance of subepithelial space  上皮下区域的渗透清除率

CLtot  Total clearance  总清除率

CR  Controlled-release function  缓控释功能

Cactive  Effective concentration for active transport主动转运的有效浓度

Cbile  Concentration of bile acid  胆汁酸的浓度

Cbm  Concentration of bile-micelle bound drug  胆汁-胶束结合药物的浓度

Cdissolv  Dissolved drug concentration  溶解的药物浓度

Cdissolv,ss  Steady-state concentration  稳态浓度

Cnc  Number of critical cluster per volume  每体积下的临界簇数

Cp  Plasma concentration  药物在血浆中的浓度

Cpd  Particle-drifting coefficient  颗粒偏移系数

Csubepithelial  Concentration of drug in subepithelial space  上皮下区域的药物浓度

Ctot  Total drug concentration  药物总浓度

Cu,z  Concentration of unbound drug with charge z  带电荷z的游离型药物浓度

Cwater  Concentration of water(55.6M)  在水中的浓度(55.6M)

DF  Degree of flatness of intestinal tube  肠腔的平整度

Dalbumin  Diffusion coefficient of albumin-bound drug  白蛋白结合药物的扩散系数

Dbm  Diffusion coefficient of bile-micelle-bound drug  胆汁胶束结合药物的扩散系数

Deff  Effective diffusion coefficient  有效扩散系数

Disp  Dispersion coefficient for GI transit  胃肠道转运分散系数

Dmx)  Local diffusion coefficient at position x in membrane  在膜中位置x的局部扩散系数

Dmono Diffusion coefficient of monomer drug  单体药物的扩散系数

Dn  Dissolution number  溶出数

Do  Dose number  剂量数

Doct  Octanol–water distribution coefficient  辛醇-水分配系数

Dose  Dose amount( subscript indicates administration route, etc.)  剂量(下标表示给药途径等)

Dpaddle  Paddle diameter  搅拌桨直径

Dvessel  Diameter of vessel  溶出杯直径

F  Absolute bioavailability  绝对生物利用度

Fa  Fraction of a dose absorbed(subscript indicates administration route, etc.)  药物吸收分数(下标表示给药途径等)

FaDRL  Fa for the dissolution-rate-limited cases  溶出速率限速时的Fa

FaNI  Fa calculated by numerical integration using the S1I7C1 model  用S1I7C1模型数值积分计算Fa

FaPL  Fa for the permeability-limited cases  膜渗透速率限速时的Fa

FaSL  Fa for the solubility-permeability-limited cases  溶解及膜渗透限速时的Fa

FaSS  Fa calculated with steady-state approximation  稳态近似计算的Fa

Famin. limit  Minimum value of FaPL, FaSL, and FaDRL  FaPL, FaSL, FaDRL 的最小值

Fasfo  Fa calculated as sequential first-order processes of dissolution and permeation  以溶出和渗透作为一级动力学方程计算的Fa

Fcn  Frequency of addition of another molecule to critical cluster  在临界簇中加入另一个分子的频率

Fg  Fraction not metabolized in intestinal epithelial cells  肠上皮细胞未被代谢的部分

Fh  Fraction not metabolized in hepatic first pass  经肝首过未被代谢的部分

GIP  Position in GI tract  在胃肠道中的位置

Gz  Graetz number Graetz数

Hpaddle  Height of paddle from vessel bottom  从容器底部到桨的高度

Hviili  Height of villi  绒毛高度

Jmax Maximum flux by carrier-mediated transport 载体介导转运的最大流量

Jnc Primary nucleation rate per volume per time 主要成核速率/体积/时间

Jperm  Permeation flux  渗透通量

Ka  Dissociation constant  解离常数

Kbm  Bile micelles–water partition coefficient  胆汁胶束-水分配系数

Km  Michaelis–Menten constant  米氏常数

Korg(x)  Local partition coefficient at position x in membrane  膜中位置x的局部分配系数

Ksc  Partition coefficient into stratum corneum  进入角质层的分配系数

Ksp Solubility product  溶度积

Kw  Ionic product for water  水离子积

Ktransit, k  First-order transition kinetic constant  一级转运动力学常数

L  Representative length  长度

LGI  Length of GI tract  胃肠道长度

NA  Avogadro number  阿伏伽德罗常数

NAPI,GI,k  Number of API particle bins in GI position k 在胃肠道位置k的API颗粒bin数

Nn  Number of nuclei  核数

Np  Number of particles in one dose  某剂量下的颗粒数

PCM  Carrier-mediated transcellular permeability 载体介导的跨细胞渗透

PE  Plicate expansion  褶皱扩展

PUWL  UWL permeability in the GI tract  胃肠道中的非搅拌水流层的渗透

PWC  Permeability by water conveyance  通过水转运的渗透

Papp  Apparent permeability of in vitro membrane permeation assay  体外膜渗透试验的表观渗透性

Peff  Effective intestinal membrane permeability 小肠膜有效渗透率

Pep  Epithelial membrane permeability  上皮细胞渗透性

Poct  Octanol–water partition coefficient  辛醇-水分配系数

Ppara  Paracellular pathway permeability  经细胞旁路途径的渗透率

Pplicate  Plicate surface permeability  褶皱表面渗透性

Ptrans  Transcellular pathway permeability  跨细胞膜途径的渗透率

Ptrans,0  Intrinsic transcellular pathway permeability of undissociated species 非解离型的跨细胞膜转运的固有渗透率

QGI  Flow rate along small intestine  沿小肠的流速

Qh  Hepatic blood flow  肝血流量

Qvilli  Villi blood flow  绒毛血流量

Qin  Infusion rate  灌注速率

RGI  Radius of GI tract  胃肠道的半径

RK  Renkin function Renkin函数

RMW  Apparent pore radius of paracellular pathway based on MW selectivity  基于分子量选择性的细胞旁路途径的表观孔半径

RPMmin  Minimum agitation speed  最低搅拌速度

RSA  Ratio of drug particle surface area in UWL and villi surface area  药物颗粒在UWL表面积和绒毛表面积之比

Re  Reynolds number Reynolds数

Rmucus  Nominal pore radius of mucus layer  黏液层的理论孔半径

Rpara Apparent pore radius of the paracellular pathway  细胞旁路的表观孔半径

S0  Intrinsic solubility of undissociated drug  非解离型药物的固有溶解度

S0,rp  Solubility of particles with radius rp  颗粒半径为rp 时的溶解度

S0, Solubility of particles with infinitely large ∞particle size  粒径无限大时的溶解度

SAAPI  Particle surface area of API  API的颗粒表面积

SAGI GI surface area for absorption( based on smooth tube)  用于吸收的胃肠道的表面积(基于光滑的肠腔)

SAp  Surface area for one particle  某颗粒的表面积

SRn  Steady state reduction number  稳态下的减少数

Sblank Solubility in a blank buffer( without micelles)  在空白缓冲液(不含胶束)中的溶解度

Sc  Schmitt number Schmitt数

Scocrystal  Intrinsic solubility of cocrystal  共晶的固有溶解度

Sdissolv  Solubility in a biorelevant media(unbound+micelle bound)  在具有生物相关性介质中的溶解度(游离+胶束结合)

Sh  Sherwood number  舍伍德数

Shdisk  Sherwood number for rotating disk  转盘的舍伍德数

Shp  Sherwood number for particle  颗粒的舍伍德数

Shtube  Sherwood number for tube  管的舍伍德数

SnTsi  Saturation number at time Tsi  在时间Tsi 时的饱和数

Snini  Initial saturation number(Snini)  初始饱和数

Ssalt  Intrinsic solubility of salt  盐的固有溶解度

Ssurface  Solubility at solid surface  固体表面溶解度

TDO1  Time when drug amount remaining in small intestine gives Do = 1  当Do = 1时,药物在小肠中的残留时间

Tm  Melting point (Kelvin)  熔点(Kelvin)

Tnexss  Extended steady-state duration number  扩展的稳态持续时间数

U  Flow speed  流速

Ue  Microeddy effect velocity  微涡流效应速度

Ur  Urinary excretion fraction  尿排泄分数

Urel,tot  Relative flow velocity  相对流速

Ut  Terminal sedimentation velocity  最终沉淀速度

VE  Villi expansion  绒毛扩张系数

VGI  GI fluid volume  胃肠液体积

Vc Velocity of intestinal fluid  肠液的流速

Vme  Velocity representing microeddy effect  微涡流效应的速度

Vp  Volume of one particle  一个颗粒的体积

Vrel  Relative velocity between fluid and particle  液体和颗粒之间的相对速度

Vt  Terminal (sedimentation) slip velocity  最终(沉淀)滑动的速度

Vx  McGowans molecular volume  McGowans分子体积

Wchannel  Width of channel between villi  绒毛间隙的宽度

Wvilli  Width of villi  绒毛的宽度

Xbm Bile-micelle-bound drug amount  胆汁胶束-药物结合量

Xdissolv  Dissolved drug amount  溶解的药物量

Xu,z  Amount of unbound drug with charge z  电荷为z的非结合型药物

Zch  Zel’dovich number  Zel’dovich 数

Zpara  Paracellular pathway charge  经细胞旁路转运通道的电荷

ddisk  Disk diameter  溶出碟的直径

dp  Particle diameter  颗粒直径

dtube  Tube diameter  管的直径

fPSB  Volume percentage of each particle size bin in one dose 给定剂量下,每种粒径簇的体积百分比

fbm  Fraction of bile-micelle-bound molecule  胆汁胶束-药物结合百分数

fnf0  Fraction of undissociated species  非解离型的药物百分数

fsubepithelial Unbound fraction of drug in subepithelial space 上皮下区域的游离药物百分数

fu  Bile-micelle-unbound fraction  游离的胆汁胶束百分数

fup  Plasma unbound fraction  血浆中的游离药物百分数

fz  Fraction of charged species  带电荷物质的百分数

g  Gravitational acceleration constant  重力加速度常数

h  Unstirred water layer thickness  非搅拌水层的厚度

hHJ  Criteria value for Hintz–Johnson model  Hintz–Johnson模型的标准值

hUWL Unstirred water layer thickness in the intestine  肠中非搅拌水层的厚度

hWF  Criteria value for Wang–Flanagan model  Wang–Flanagan模型的标准值

hfam  Thickness of firmly adhered mucus layer  黏液层强力结合区的厚度

hUWL  UWL thickness in in vitro permeability vitroassay  体外渗透性测试中非搅拌水层的厚度

hsubepithelial  Thickness of subepithelial space  上皮下区域的厚度

kB  Boltzmann constant  Boltzmann常数

kabs  Absorption rate coefficient  吸收速率系数

kdeg  Degradation rate constant  降解速率常数

kdiss  Dissolution rate coefficient  溶出速率系数

kel  Elimination rate  消除速率

kmass  Mass transfer coefficient  质量传递系数

kperm  Permeation rate coefficient  渗透速率系数

ltube  Tube length  管的长度

m.p.  Melting point (Celsius)  熔点(摄氏度)

matom  Number of atoms in molecule  分子的原子数

rmono  Molecular radius  分子半径

rp  Particle radius(at time t)  颗粒半径(当时间=t时)

rp,PSB Particle radius for particle size bin  粒径簇的颗粒半径

rp,ini  Initial particle radius  初始颗粒半径

rp,ini,PSB  Initial particle radius for particle size bin  粒径簇的初始颗粒半径

rp,nc  Critical radius of nuclei  成核的临界半径

vatom  Relative volume of atom  原子的相对体积

vm  Molecular volume  分子体积

z  Molecular charge  药物分子的电荷

ΔC  Concentration gradient  浓度梯度

ΔGnc  Energy barrier for nucleation  成核的能量垒

ΔHm  Enthalpy of melting  熔化焓

ΔSf  Entropy of fusion  融合熵

ΔSm  Entropy of melting  熔化熵

Π  Particle shape factor  颗粒形状因子

β  Lump constant (β) of foreign particle number, sticking provability, etc  外来颗粒数的总常数

γ  Interfacial tension between solid surface and fluid  固体表面和流体之间的界面张力

ε  Agitation strength (Energy input per time)  搅拌强度(每次注入的能量)

η  Kolmogorov’s minimum eddy scale  Kolmogorov的最小涡度

λdisso  Dissociation resistance from solid surface (in length dimension)  固体表面的解离性阻碍(长度尺寸)

λnc  Interfacial attachment resistance (in length dimension)  界面附着阻力(长度尺寸)

μ  Viscosity of fluid  流体黏度

ν  Kinematic viscosity of fluid  流体黏度的运动

ρf  Density of fluid  流体密度

ρp  True density of drug  药物的真密度

ψcn  Interfacial reaction rate correction factor  界面反应速率的校正因子